In second grade science, students investigate ways that matter can change and whether these changes are reversible. In this post, I’ll show you a fun changing matter experiment you can easily do at school by making ice cream in a bag! It’s a delicious demonstration of how temperature can change matter from a liquid to a solid that students can eat once they finish!

Changing Matter Experiment for Second Grade

Did you know that ice cream is a solid, a liquid, and a gas all at once? It’s true. Ice cream is a combination of solid ice crystals, liquid milk fat, and air bubbles. Making ice cream is a fun and easy way for students to investigate how matter is changed by heating and cooling. As they make their ice cream, students also gain experience in carrying out investigations, making observations, and collecting and analyzing data.

To get started you will need a few inexpensive items that are readily available at any grocery store. I even found a half gallon size jug of half-and-half.

Changing matter experiment

Materials per student:

• 1 cup half-and-half per student
• 2 Tbs. sugar
• 1/2 tsp. vanilla extract
• 3 cups ice
• 1/3 cup rock salt or kosher salt
• sandwich size zipper bag
• 1 gallon size zipper bag per 2 students
• plastic spoons
• student lab sheet

Multiply the recipe by the number of students you have. I recommend making a large batch of this recipe in a pitcher ahead of time.

1. Mix the half-and-half, sugar, and vanilla extract together in a pitcher.

2. Pour about a cup of the mixture in each student’s sandwich bag.

3. Fill a gallon size Ziploc bag about half full of ice. Add 1/3 cup of salt.

4. Place 2 sealed, sandwich bags with the mixture in each large bag. Seal the bag firmly.

Changing matter experiment

5. Students take turns shaking the bag vigorously for about 7-10 minutes, pausing to record changes they observe on their lab sheet.

Source: Changing Matter Experiment

Analyzing the Changing Matter

Have students describe the state of their mixture at the start. Next, they record changes they observed after cooling and shaking the mixture for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. After the investigation, have students compare their data with other students to determine an average time it takes to freeze the mixture. Have students discuss whether they think the amount of shaking is a factor.

As students are completing their lab sheets, encourage them to describe the properties of their ice cream including color, shape (the mixture takes the shape of its container while liquid), and texture.

I recommend making an extra bag of ice cream to demonstrate reversing the change. This can be done by placing the ice cream bag in a sunny window or leaving it out on a counter to melt.

Changing matter experiment

The Science Behind Ice Cream

Adding salt to ice lowers its melting point. The ice absorbs heat from its surroundings (the bag of ice cream mixture) which allows the ice cream mixture to freeze. Since the mixture isn’t water it needs to be a little below 32 degrees to freeze. Adding salt allows the temperature around the mixture to get colder.

Find more states & properties of matter science resources: Properties of Matter unit for 2nd grade .

Get Free Science Activities

Try these engaging science lessons at home or in the classroom! This FREE science mini-unit includes both printable + digital activities on Google Slides that make it easy to learn science no matter where you are!

I hope you will try this changing matter experiment and give your students hands-on experience in demonstrating a reversible change. Be sure to pin this post for later so you have it when you plan!

Visit these posts for more hands-on, high engagement science activities:

Marvelous Ways to Teach Matter

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Happy teaching!